Consequences of climate change for biogeochemical cycling in forests of northeastern North America.
Authors:
Campbell, John L. Rustad, Lindsey E. Boyer, Elizabeth W. Christopher, Sheila F. Driscoll, Charles T. Fernandez, Ivan J. Groffman, Peter M. Houle, Daniel Kiekbusch, Jana Magill, Alison H. Mitchell, Myron J. Ollinger, Scott V. USDA, FS
Source:
Canadian journal of forest research. 2009 Feb., v. 39, no. 2, p. 264-284.
NALT Subjects:
climate change biogeochemical cycles forest ecosystems hardwood forests climate models primary productivity global warming quantitative analysis literature reviews soil species diversity growing season hydrology atmospheric deposition vegetation cover vegetation structure root systems mycorrhizal fungi greenhouse gases nitrogen biological activity in soil prediction soil-atmosphere interactions climatic factors New England region New York Quebec Canada
Other Subjects:
Atlantic provinces PnET-BGC model
Issue Date:
Feb-2009
Abstract:
A critical component of assessing the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems involves understanding associated changes in the biogeochemical cycling of elements. Evidence from research on northeastern North American forests shows that direct effects of climate change will evoke changes in biogeochemical cycling by altering plant physiology, forest productivity, and soil physical, chemical, and biological processes. Indirect effects, largely mediated by changes in species composition, length of growing season, and hydrology, will also be important. The case study presented here uses the quantitative biogeochemical model PnET-BGC to test assumptions about the direct and indirect effects of climate change on a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Modeling results indicate an overall increase in net primary production due to a longer growing season, an increase in NO3- leaching due to large increases in net mineralization and nitrification, and slight declines in mineral weathering due to a reduction in soil moisture. Future research should focus on uncertainties, including the effects of (1) multiple simultaneous interactions of stressors (e.g., climate change, ozone, acidic deposition); (2) long-term atmospheric CO2 enrichment on vegetation; (3) changes in forest species composition; (4) extreme climatic events and other disturbances (e.g., ice storms, fire, invasive species); and (5) feedback mechanisms that increase or decrease change.
