Stipitate species of Hypocrea have traditionally been segregated as the genus Podostroma. The type species of Podostroma is P. leucopus for which P. alutaceum has been considered an earlier synonym. Study of the type and existing specimens suggest that these two taxa can be distinguished based on morphology and biology. Podostroma leucopus is recognized as Hypocrea leucopus, thus Podostroma is considered a synonym of Hypocrea. The genus Podocrea, long considered a synonym of Podostroma, is based on Sphaeria alutacea, a species that is herein recognized as H. alutacea. A neotype is designated for Sphaeria alutacea. Both H. leucopus and H. alutacea are redescribed and illustrated. The new species H. nybergiana T. Ulvinen & H. Chamb. sp. nov. is described and illustrated, and six species of Podostroma are transferred to Hypocrea, viz. H. africana (Boedijn) H. Chamb. comb. nov., H. daisenense (Yoshim. Doi) H. Chamb. comb. nov., H. eperuae, comb. nov., H. truncatum (Imai) H. Chamb .comb. nov. and H. sumatranum (Boedijn) H. Chamb. comb. nov. A key to the 17 species of Hypocrea included in Podostroma and/or Podocrea is presented.
